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TRANSLATE stage v1.0 |
Pipelines v2.0 |
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Purpose, Operands, Streams used, Usage notes, Examples, See also |
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Syntax |
_1-*_________________ _UPper_____________________________>>__ _TRANSlate_ __|_____________________|__|___________________________________|_______> |_XLATE_____| |_inputrange__________| |__| Transtable |__| Modifytable |__| | <____________ | |_(__inputrange__|__)_| Transtable: |__ ______________ ____________________________________________________________________>< | <_________ | |__ _UPper_ _|_| |_LOWer_| Modifytable: |__ _________________________________ __________________________________________________| | <____________________________ | |____fromcharrange__tocharrange_|_|
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Purpose |
Use the XLATE stage to replace
characters according to a translate table. XLATE reads records from its primary
input stream, compares and replaces characters according to the translation
specification, and writes the resulting records to its primary output stream.
The output record has the same length as the input record.
If no translate table operands or
modify table operands are specified; XLATE defines the translate table as the
uppercase table, otherwise XLATE defines the table according to the operands.
Each operand specified has a cumulative effect on the translate table; the
first operand defines the table and any following operands modify the table.
Then any fromcharrange and tocharrange operands modify the
translate table by mapping a from character or range of characters to
a to character or range of
characters. If no translate table is defined, any fromcharrange and tocharrange
operands modify the neutral table.
You can use XLATE to translate
entire records or specified locations of the input data in the record. You can
specify locations of the input data in terms of columns, words, or fields. By
default, words and fields are defined as space-delimited character strings.
Input data that is outside all specified locations; remain unchanged. When more
than one input data location is specified; the contents of each location are
translated in the order they are specified (left to right operand order).
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Operands |
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● |
is an integer column, word or field range on which to operate. |
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Upper specifies that
lowercase alphabetic characters are converted to uppercase; uppercase letters
remain unchanged. If you do not specify any operands or you specify only
column ranges, characters in the input records are translated to uppercase. |
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LOWer specifies that
uppercase alphabetic characters are converted to lowercase; lowercase letters
remain unchanged. When the uppercase translate table translates two or more
characters to a particular uppercase character; when translating from
uppercase to lowercase, the character with the lower value is used. |
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● |
are a pair of characters or range
of characters that modify the translate table. The character or range of
characters specified by fromcharrange
is converted to the character or range of characters specified by tocharrange. For example; specifying
A-B as fromcharrange and 1-2 as tocharrange translates A to 1 and B to
2. The order of characters in the range follows the standard collating
sequence. If you specify fromcharrange
and tocharrange without specifying
a translate table, the neutral table (no translation at all) is in effect for
the characters not specified by fromcharrange If any of the characters
specified in fromcharrange or tocharrange are a B, b,
X, x, H, or h, you must specify the inputrange operand. |
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Streams used |
The following streams are used by the XLATE stage:
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Stream |
Action |
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Primary input stream |
XLATE reads records from its
primary input stream. |
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Primary output stream |
XLATE writes translated records
to its primary output stream. |
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Usage notes |
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1) |
XLATE does not delay the records. |
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2) |
If the XLATE stage discovers that its primary input or primary
output streams are not connected, the XLATE stage ends. |
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3) |
You can specify a character in fromcharrange more than once, however XLATE only uses the last
(rightmost) translation; it ignores earlier definitions. For example: **** Top of file **** 01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /JKLMNOP/ | xlate J R K Y L Z J 1 | console’ 0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: 1YZMNOP Here, J is specified in fromcharrange twice, but only the
translation from J to 1 is performed. |
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4) |
If you specify a translation of
characters where J is translated to K and K is translated to L, it does not
follow that J is translated to L, as shown in the following example: **** Top of file **** 01 Address Rxpipe02 03 ‘pipe literal /JKLMNOP/ | xlate J K K L | console’0505 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: KLLMNOP Note. This is ONLY true for
column ranges which do not overlap. |
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5) |
When you specify ranges that
overlap one another, as in the following example, the resulting translations
are cumulative: **** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /JKLMNOP/ | xlate (1-7 5-7) O P P Q | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: JKLMNQQ The first number range which
specifies (1-7) translates O to P and P to Q, and the second number range
(5-7) goes through the same two translations. |
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6) |
When you use the fromcharrange and tocharrange operands where tocharrange
is shorter than fromcharrange, the
last part of fromcharrange is
translated to the last character of tocharrange.
For example, the following maps A to 1, B to **** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /ABCDE/ | xlate A-E 1-3 | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: 12333 |
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7) |
Conversely, when fromcharrange is shorter than tocharrange, only the part of fromcharrange that tocharrange specifies is translated.
For example, the following maps only F to 1 and G to 2: **** Top of file **** 01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /FGHIJ/ | xlate *-* F-G 1-5 | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: 12HIJ |
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8) |
XLATE verifies that its secondary
input and output streams are not connected and then begins execution. |
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Examples |
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1) |
**** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe02 03 ‘pipe literal /a-b-c/ | xlate wordsep /–/ word 3 | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: a-b-C |
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2) |
**** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /a?b?c/ | xlate (fieldsep /?/ fields 2-3) | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: a?B?C |
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3) |
**** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /abc def ghi jkl/ | xlate words 2-4 | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: abc DEF GHI JKL |
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4) |
**** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /?ab?cd??ef/ | xlate (ws /?/ word 1 word 3) | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: ?AB?cd??EF |
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5) |
**** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /abc def ghi jkl mno/ | xlate words -3;-2 | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: abc def GHI JKL mno |
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6) |
**** Top of file ****01 Address Rxpipe0203 ‘pipe literal /BE OBSCURE CLEARLY/ | xlate (2 5.6 13-*) lower | console’0405 Exit 0**** End of file ****Output: Be Obscure Clearly |